Published in 2006 in Volume 6 of Ajia Gengo Ronshū (アジア言語論叢, Asian Languages Review), issued by the Research Institute for Foreign Studies, Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, this English-language article by Masaaki Shimizu, Lê Thị Liên, and Shiro Momoki is titled “The Trace of Dissyllabicity of Vietnamese in the 14th Century: Chữ Nôm Characters Contained in the Inscription of Hộ Thành Mountain (II).” The article introduces and analyzes Inscription No. 5 from Non Nước (Hộ Thành) Mountain in Ninh Bình Province, probably carved in 1383, with particular attention to the phonological information preserved in its Chữ Nôm characters. Building on the authors’ earlier research on another inscription from the same site, the study investigates how Chữ Nôm can be used as evidence for reconstructing the phonological structure of fourteenth-century Vietnamese. The article also provides the inscription’s text, an English translation, and extensive historical annotations concerning the people, places, landholdings, measurements, and administrative terminology recorded in it. A central concern of the study is the possible survival of dissyllabic structures in medieval Vietnamese. Modern Vietnamese is predominantly monosyllabic at the morpheme level, but the authors investigate whether fourteenth-century Vietnamese still preserved presyllables—minor syllabic elements preceding a main syllable. By examining Chữ Nôm spellings in which two characters appear to represent what later became a single Vietnamese syllable, the authors identify evidence suggesting that such older disyllabic structures had not yet completely disappeared. The study combines evidence from the Hộ Thành inscription with Chữ Nôm material from the Sino-Vietnamese text of Phật Thuyết Đại Báo Phụ Mẫu Ân Trọng Kinh. Through comparisons among Chữ Nôm spellings, modern Vietnamese forms, Sino-Vietnamese readings, and related Việt-Mường languages, the authors reconstruct a set of historical presyllables. They also examine tonal correspondences and consonant development to explain how earlier disyllabic forms could have evolved into the monosyllabic structures characteristic of modern Vietnamese. More broadly, the article argues that Vietnamese in the fourteenth century still retained traces of a disyllabic structure comparable to features preserved in conservative Việt-Mường languages such as Rục. The analysis demonstrates the importance of medieval Chữ Nôm inscriptions as linguistic evidence: the ways in which characters were selected and combined can preserve phonological information that is no longer visible in modern Vietnamese. The study therefore highlights the value of Chữ Nôm and epigraphic materials for research on Vietnamese historical phonology, the development from disyllabic to monosyllabic structures, Việt-Mường comparative linguistics, and the historical development of the Vietnamese language.